The Free Documentation License 1.2.
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1 | @setfilename fdl.info | ||
2 | @appendix GNU Free Documentation License | ||
3 | @cindex FDL, GNU Free Documentation License | ||
4 | @center Version 1.2, November 2002 | ||
5 | |||
6 | @display | ||
7 | Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | ||
8 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA | ||
9 | |||
10 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | ||
11 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | ||
12 | @end display | ||
13 | |||
14 | @enumerate 0 | ||
15 | @item | ||
16 | PREAMBLE | ||
17 | |||
18 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | ||
19 | functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to | ||
20 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, | ||
21 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. | ||
22 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way | ||
23 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible | ||
24 | for modifications made by others. | ||
25 | |||
26 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | ||
27 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | ||
28 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | ||
29 | license designed for free software. | ||
30 | |||
31 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | ||
32 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | ||
33 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | ||
34 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | ||
35 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | ||
36 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | ||
37 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | ||
38 | |||
39 | @item | ||
40 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | ||
41 | |||
42 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that | ||
43 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be | ||
44 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a | ||
45 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that | ||
46 | work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, | ||
47 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a | ||
48 | licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you | ||
49 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission | ||
50 | under copyright law. | ||
51 | |||
52 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | ||
53 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | ||
54 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | ||
55 | |||
56 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section | ||
57 | of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | ||
58 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall | ||
59 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall | ||
60 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in | ||
61 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain | ||
62 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | ||
63 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | ||
64 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | ||
65 | them. | ||
66 | |||
67 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | ||
68 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | ||
69 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a | ||
70 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not | ||
71 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero | ||
72 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant | ||
73 | Sections then there are none. | ||
74 | |||
75 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | ||
76 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | ||
77 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may | ||
78 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. | ||
79 | |||
80 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | ||
81 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | ||
82 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document | ||
83 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | ||
84 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | ||
85 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | ||
86 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | ||
87 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | ||
88 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart | ||
89 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. | ||
90 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount | ||
91 | of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. | ||
92 | |||
93 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | ||
94 | @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input | ||
95 | format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available | ||
96 | @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, | ||
97 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples | ||
98 | of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and | ||
99 | @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be | ||
100 | read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or | ||
101 | @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are | ||
102 | not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, | ||
103 | PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for | ||
104 | output purposes only. | ||
105 | |||
106 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | ||
107 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | ||
108 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | ||
109 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | ||
110 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | ||
111 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | ||
112 | |||
113 | A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose | ||
114 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following | ||
115 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a | ||
116 | specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', | ||
117 | ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' | ||
118 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a | ||
119 | section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. | ||
120 | |||
121 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which | ||
122 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty | ||
123 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this | ||
124 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other | ||
125 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has | ||
126 | no effect on the meaning of this License. | ||
127 | |||
128 | @item | ||
129 | VERBATIM COPYING | ||
130 | |||
131 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | ||
132 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | ||
133 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | ||
134 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | ||
135 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | ||
136 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | ||
137 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | ||
138 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | ||
139 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | ||
140 | |||
141 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | ||
142 | you may publicly display copies. | ||
143 | |||
144 | @item | ||
145 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | ||
146 | |||
147 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have | ||
148 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the | ||
149 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the | ||
150 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | ||
151 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | ||
152 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | ||
153 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | ||
154 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | ||
155 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | ||
156 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | ||
157 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | ||
158 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | ||
159 | |||
160 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | ||
161 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | ||
162 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | ||
163 | pages. | ||
164 | |||
165 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | ||
166 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | ||
167 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | ||
168 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using | ||
169 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols | ||
170 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. | ||
171 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, | ||
172 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure | ||
173 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated | ||
174 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an | ||
175 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that | ||
176 | edition to the public. | ||
177 | |||
178 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | ||
179 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | ||
180 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | ||
181 | |||
182 | @item | ||
183 | MODIFICATIONS | ||
184 | |||
185 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | ||
186 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | ||
187 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | ||
188 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | ||
189 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | ||
190 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | ||
191 | |||
192 | @enumerate A | ||
193 | @item | ||
194 | Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | ||
195 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | ||
196 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | ||
197 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | ||
198 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. | ||
199 | |||
200 | @item | ||
201 | List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | ||
202 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | ||
203 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | ||
204 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), | ||
205 | unless they release you from this requirement. | ||
206 | |||
207 | @item | ||
208 | State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | ||
209 | Modified Version, as the publisher. | ||
210 | |||
211 | @item | ||
212 | Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. | ||
213 | |||
214 | @item | ||
215 | Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | ||
216 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. | ||
217 | |||
218 | @item | ||
219 | Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | ||
220 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | ||
221 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. | ||
222 | |||
223 | @item | ||
224 | Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | ||
225 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. | ||
226 | |||
227 | @item | ||
228 | Include an unaltered copy of this License. | ||
229 | |||
230 | @item | ||
231 | Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add | ||
232 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | ||
233 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | ||
234 | there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one | ||
235 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | ||
236 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | ||
237 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. | ||
238 | |||
239 | @item | ||
240 | Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | ||
241 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | ||
242 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | ||
243 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | ||
244 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | ||
245 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | ||
246 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. | ||
247 | |||
248 | @item | ||
249 | For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve | ||
250 | the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the | ||
251 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or | ||
252 | dedications given therein. | ||
253 | |||
254 | @item | ||
255 | Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | ||
256 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | ||
257 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. | ||
258 | |||
259 | @item | ||
260 | Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section | ||
261 | may not be included in the Modified Version. | ||
262 | |||
263 | @item | ||
264 | Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or | ||
265 | to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. | ||
266 | |||
267 | @item | ||
268 | Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. | ||
269 | @end enumerate | ||
270 | |||
271 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | ||
272 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | ||
273 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | ||
274 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | ||
275 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | ||
276 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | ||
277 | |||
278 | You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains | ||
279 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | ||
280 | parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | ||
281 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | ||
282 | standard. | ||
283 | |||
284 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | ||
285 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | ||
286 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | ||
287 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | ||
288 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | ||
289 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | ||
290 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | ||
291 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | ||
292 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | ||
293 | |||
294 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | ||
295 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | ||
296 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | ||
297 | |||
298 | @item | ||
299 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | ||
300 | |||
301 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | ||
302 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | ||
303 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | ||
304 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | ||
305 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | ||
306 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. | ||
307 | |||
308 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | ||
309 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | ||
310 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | ||
311 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | ||
312 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | ||
313 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | ||
314 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | ||
315 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | ||
316 | |||
317 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' | ||
318 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled | ||
319 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | ||
320 | and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all | ||
321 | sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' | ||
322 | |||
323 | @item | ||
324 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | ||
325 | |||
326 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | ||
327 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | ||
328 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | ||
329 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | ||
330 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | ||
331 | |||
332 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | ||
333 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | ||
334 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | ||
335 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | ||
336 | |||
337 | @item | ||
338 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | ||
339 | |||
340 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | ||
341 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | ||
342 | distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright | ||
343 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights | ||
344 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. | ||
345 | When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not | ||
346 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves | ||
347 | derivative works of the Document. | ||
348 | |||
349 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | ||
350 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of | ||
351 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | ||
352 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the | ||
353 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. | ||
354 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole | ||
355 | aggregate. | ||
356 | |||
357 | @item | ||
358 | TRANSLATION | ||
359 | |||
360 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | ||
361 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | ||
362 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | ||
363 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | ||
364 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | ||
365 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | ||
366 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the | ||
367 | Document, and any Warrany Disclaimers, provided that you also include | ||
368 | the original English version of this License and the original versions | ||
369 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between | ||
370 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice | ||
371 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. | ||
372 | |||
373 | If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | ||
374 | ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve | ||
375 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual | ||
376 | title. | ||
377 | |||
378 | @item | ||
379 | TERMINATION | ||
380 | |||
381 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | ||
382 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | ||
383 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | ||
384 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | ||
385 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | ||
386 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | ||
387 | parties remain in full compliance. | ||
388 | |||
389 | @item | ||
390 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | ||
391 | |||
392 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | ||
393 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | ||
394 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | ||
395 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | ||
396 | @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. | ||
397 | |||
398 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | ||
399 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | ||
400 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | ||
401 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | ||
402 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | ||
403 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | ||
404 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | ||
405 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | ||
406 | @end enumerate | ||
407 | |||
408 | @page | ||
409 | @appendixsubsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | ||
410 | |||
411 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | ||
412 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | ||
413 | license notices just after the title page: | ||
414 | |||
415 | @smallexample | ||
416 | @group | ||
417 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. | ||
418 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | ||
419 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 | ||
420 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | ||
421 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. | ||
422 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU | ||
423 | Free Documentation License''. | ||
424 | @end group | ||
425 | @end smallexample | ||
426 | |||
427 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, | ||
428 | replace the ``with...Texts.'' line with this: | ||
429 | |||
430 | @smallexample | ||
431 | @group | ||
432 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with | ||
433 | the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts | ||
434 | being @var{list}. | ||
435 | @end group | ||
436 | @end smallexample | ||
437 | |||
438 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other | ||
439 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the | ||
440 | situation. | ||
441 | |||
442 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | ||
443 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | ||
444 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | ||
445 | to permit their use in free software. | ||
446 | |||
447 | @c Local Variables: | ||
448 | @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" | ||
449 | @c End: | ||
450 |
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